Basic STARK Proof (Stage 1)

Basic STARK Proof (Stage 1)#

Each AIR instance produces an independent STARK proof using the protocol described in the STARK Protocol.

  1. The prover commits stage-1 polynomials and computes a contribution \(\kappa^{(a)}\) for challenge aggregation (see the STARK Protocol, Multi-AIR Challenge Binding).

  2. After the global challenge \(\chi\) is derived from all contributions (see the STARK Protocol, Challenge Aggregation), each AIR seeds its transcript with \(\chi\) and runs the full commitment and query phases.

  3. The output is a binary proof \(\pi^{(a)}_{\mathrm{Basic}}\) containing Merkle roots, polynomial evaluations, FRI layers, grinding nonce, and Merkle opening proofs.